Skip to main content

Accountant's New Church Checklist

There are a lot of church planting websites with ideas and services offered to church planters. But what list might an accountant provide for a new church to consider?

Initial Budget

Prepare a budget forecasting both outside support and initial giving by the families expected to charter the new church. Determine the pastoral compensation level that the new congregation can realistically provide. Project costs for meeting facilities (secure a lease). Use church planting resources to develop proper strategies for initial communication and outreach; project the costs to implement the strategies and adjust based on the realities of financial resources.

Organization

Establish a constitution and by-laws. Incorporate with counsel of an attorney familiar with laws for tax-exempt organizations in the state.

Pastor Compensation

Work with the pastor to establish a wise compensation and benefits package. Consider establishing a professional expense reimbursement plan, either using an “advances” or a “reimbursement” arrangement. Determine health insurance and medical care benefits, including the possible use of a major medical policy combined with a Health Reimbursement Arrangement (HRA). Consider retirement funding, typically either contributing to his Internal Revenue Code 403(b) plan or providing funds for the pastor to fund his own Roth or traditional IRA. Designate a portion of cash compensation as a housing allowance. Determine remaining cash compensation. Determine whether the pastor desires to elect optional income tax withholding, especially if he has a large amount of Self-Employment tax to pay (tax law does not permit churches to withhold and match the 7.65% FICA tax that most U.S. employees are subject to). Assign responsibility for government reporting including quarterly (Form 941), if necessary, and annual employment filings (Forms W-2, 944, 1099-MISC and state, if necessary).

Financial Procedures
Adopt a process for establishing the church budget (projecting revenues, compensation planning and communication, categorizing expenses by activity or functional, establishing a contingency fund). Establish policies and procedures for 1) offering counts, 2) disbursements / purchasing, 3) bookkeeping (fund accounting for general and designed gifts), 4) missions and other special funding methods, 5) financial reporting (determine frequency, recipients, and contents — balance sheet (modified cash basis of accounting), statement of receipts and disbursements (modified cash basis of accounting), and other schedules (e.g. mortgage schedule, designated funds activity), 6) internal auditing, 7) maintenance of donor records (Answer: who will record donations? what software, if any, will be used? what reports will be provided to donors?), 8) benevolence, and 9) records retention (church minutes, financial documents). Determine qualifications for church volunteers who oversee bookkeeping records. Purchase and implement accounting software; establish chart of accounts consistent with church budget determinations.

Insurance

Determine need and pursue quotes for liability, auto (if necessary), workers' compensation (employee and subcontractors), and professional liability (counseling).

Miscellaneous
Pursue sales tax exemption certificate from the state government. Discuss philosophy of church leadership regarding use of debt for church capital expenditures.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Rental of a Church Parsonage to a Non-Minister

Question: A church owns a parsonage, but the pastor does not use it as he owns his own home. The church rents the parsonage to a tenant other than a minister or employee of the church. Will the church be responsible for paying income tax on these monies as Unrelated Business Income (filing a Form 990-T) even if the money is used to carry on the business of the church? Answer: Whether the money is used for church purposes is irrelevant.  IRS Publication 598  states: "If an exempt organization regularly carries on a trade or business not substantially related to its exempt purpose, except that it provides funds to carry out that purpose, the organization is subject to tax on its income from that unrelated trade or business." Fortunately, in the case of rental income from real property, such income is "excluded in computing unrelated business taxable income" (Publication 598). Caution: see content below regarding debt-financed property.  However, a second concern not a

Review: Form 1099 Payments to 501(c)(3) Organizations

Question: A church rented space from another church last year. Should it request a completed Form W-9 and issue Form 1099-MISC? Answer: Payments from one 501(c)(3) organization to another 501(c)(3) organization are not subject to Form 1099-MISC reporting. The IRS Instructions for Form 1099-MISC state that "payments to a tax-exempt organization" are exempt from reporting a Form 1099-MISC.  The following are typical examples of payments of $600 or more by a church which are subject to reporting a Form 1099-MISC: Rent paid to an individual (non-corporation) Payments for services rendered by individuals who are not employees (e.g. janitorial service, facilities, snow removal, guest speakers) Support sent directly to missionaries

Form 944 or 941 Filing for Churches

Question:   A new church filed for an employer identification number (EIN) recently. It received notification from the IRS about the EIN, stating that the church must file Form 944 by the following January deadline. The church has no non-ministerial staff members. Since income tax withholding is elective by ministers and none of the pastors has elected to request non-mandatory withholding is the church required to file Form 944 annually? Also, a quarterly Form 941 (rather than an annual Form 944) is required of some employers. Which IRS form, if any, should be filed? Answer: According to IRS Section 1402(c) and 3121(c), ministers are not subject to mandatory income tax withholding. Unless one or more ministerial employees request non-mandatory withholding, church employers with only ministerial employees do not need to file Form 941 or Form 944.  The IRS  Ministers Audit Technique Guide  explains in further detail a minister's treatments for social security, Medicare tax, Fed