Skip to main content

MinistryCPA Special Topic: Social Security Benefit Calculation (Part 1 of 2)

Question:

Having just turned 60, I am in the process of planning my retirement, so I would like to get an idea of how much I can expect for Social Security benefits each month. Can I simply apply a percentage to my average monthly wages over my working life to get an estimate? If not, how does the Social Security Administration calculate my monthly benefit?

Answer:

Unfortunately, the process is more complicated than that; you can access a monthly benefit projection by creating an account on the SSA website. Benefits are based on Social Security earnings; that is, only earnings that have been subject to Social Security tax are used in the calculation of benefits. Additionally, the SSA uses a number called averaged indexed monthly earnings (AIME). This number is important in that it forms the basis for calculation of monthly benefits. 

AIME is calculated based on the 35 highest years of Social Security earnings for an individual. For example, an individual born in 1948 whose earnings grow steadily each year from 1966-2015 will not have an AIME based on the full 50 years, but on the highest 35. At first glance, it seems obvious that the most recent years will be the highest; however, the SSA introduces one more variable. Each year's earnings (for example, 1976) are indexed (multiplied by a factor based on average wages for 1976 compared with the year the individual turns 60-in this case, 2008). This essentially converts 1976 wages to 2008 dollars. Any wages this individual earns after 2008 will not be indexed. 

Once each eligible year has been indexed, the top 35 wage years are added together and divided by 420 (the number of months in 35 years). The resulting number is the individual's AIME, which will then be used to calculate benefits. In our next post on Social Security, we will discuss calculation of benefits using AIME.

As is the case with our other posts on this topic, individuals who are disabled or eligible for survivor's benefits may be subject to different guidelines.

For more on this topic, visit the AIME page on the SSA website.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Rental of a Church Parsonage to a Non-Minister

Question: A church owns a parsonage, but the pastor does not use it as he owns his own home. The church rents the parsonage to a tenant other than a minister or employee of the church. Will the church be responsible for paying income tax on these monies as Unrelated Business Income (filing a Form 990-T) even if the money is used to carry on the business of the church? Answer: Whether the money is used for church purposes is irrelevant.  IRS Publication 598  states: "If an exempt organization regularly carries on a trade or business not substantially related to its exempt purpose, except that it provides funds to carry out that purpose, the organization is subject to tax on its income from that unrelated trade or business." Fortunately, in the case of rental income from real property, such income is "excluded in computing unrelated business taxable income" (Publication 598). Caution: see content below regarding debt-financed property.  However, a second concern not a...

Review: Form 1099 Payments to 501(c)(3) Organizations

Question: A church rented space from another church last year. Should it request a completed Form W-9 and issue Form 1099-MISC? Answer: Payments from one 501(c)(3) organization to another 501(c)(3) organization are not subject to Form 1099-MISC reporting. The IRS Instructions for Form 1099-MISC state that "payments to a tax-exempt organization" are exempt from reporting a Form 1099-MISC.  The following are typical examples of payments of $600 or more by a church which are subject to reporting a Form 1099-MISC: Rent paid to an individual (non-corporation) Payments for services rendered by individuals who are not employees (e.g. janitorial service, facilities, snow removal, guest speakers) Support sent directly to missionaries

Housing Allowance and Form 1099-MISC Reporting

Question: A church provides its minister a housing allowance but believes it must report the full amount of compensation (including the non-taxable housing allowance portion) on Form 1099-MISC in order to demonstrate the full earnings of the minister. (Starting in 2020, Form 1099-MISC is replaced with Form 1099-NEC for non-employee compensation.) If the church reports his compensation, including the housing allowance, on the Form 1099-NEC as taxable income, will he be able to deduct his housing expenses somewhere else on the Form 1040? Answer: This question brings up a couple of issues. First, most ministers are properly classified as employees who receive Form W-2 , not as independent contractors who receive Form 1099-NEC . Box 1 on Form W-2 reports taxable compensation. It is reduced to reflect the church's designation of a portion of his pay as non-taxable housing. Then, in Box 14 (Other), Form W-2 typically reports as a memorandum item his additional non-taxable, housing allowa...